These broiler chicken feed processing machinery will affect the quality of broiler feed pellets

2020-07-25后退to List

肉鸡饲料颗粒have several advantages compared with powder feed, the main advantage of which is to improve the performance of broilers. Compared with broilers fed with powder, broilers fed with pellets require less time for feeding and digestion and have lower requirements for body maintenance.

1.肉鸡饲料颗粒的质量

High-quality broiler feed pellets can be defined as feed pellets that can withstand repeated operations. For example, the feed pellets will not be damaged or produce too many fine particles during the process of bagging, transportation, storage and feeding line transportation. The quality of particles is usually expressed by the Pellet Durability Index (PDI), and can be measured in a tumbling tank: first, the particle sample to be tested is sieved to remove fine powder particles, and then rolled in the tumbling tank for a certain period of time. The tumbling sample is sieved to remove fine particles, so that the weight of intact particles can be obtained.

2. The calculation formula of PDI is as follows:

PDI = weight of intact pellets after rolling/weight of intact particles before rolling×100

Some other equipment can also be used to measure the durability of particles, such as Holman particle detector, wood detector, etc.

3种影响饲料颗粒质量的因素

(1)Broiler feed formula

Some feed ingredients are good for improving pellet quality, while others may be bad. Unfortunately, corn-soybean meal diets are not ideal diets to achieve optimal pellet quality. As compared with corn or corn by-products, wheat contains high levels of protein (gluten) and hemicellulose, so diets added with wheat grains or wheat by-products (wheat gluten, wheat gluten) will have higher grains after pelleting Durability. Similarly, partial replacement of corn in the diet with oats can also improve the quality of feed pellets. We can sort according to the beneficial effects of feed grains on the quality of feed pellets, from best to worst: oats, wheat, barley, corn, sorghum.

We have long known that starch and its gelatinization are the most important factors for achieving the best quality of feed pellets. However, recent reports indicate that the beneficial effects of protein on the quality of feed pellets are far more important than starch.

①Adding oil to the diet will adversely affect the quality of feed pellets. This is because the oil will surround the feed pellets, which will hinder the penetration of steam into the pellets. In addition, the oil will also reduce the friction between the ring die and feed pellets, thereby reducing the gelatinization rate of starch.

②加入粘合剂[如水（最简单的粘合剂），木质素磺酸盐，半纤维素提取物，明胶等]和/或饮食的表面活性剂可以提高饲料颗粒的质量和产率，并且可以降低能量消耗。

Feed Pellet Quality Factor (FPQF) is a tool that can be used to predict the quality of pellets in feed formulations.

Estimating the FPQF of a certain feed formula: Each feed ingredient has its own Pellet Quality Factor (PQF). The score of PQF is 0-10, where 0 means poor quality of feed pellets, and 10 means good quality of feed pellets. We can estimate the FPQF of each ingredient by multiplying its PQF value by its percentage in the formula. The FPQF value of a feed formula is equal to the sum of the FPQF of all raw materials used. Generally speaking, the FPQF value of the feed formula lower than 4.7 indicates poor feed pellet quality, and higher than 4.7 indicates good feed quality.

（2）肉鸡颗粒饲料的原料的粒度

Although some researchers have doubts about this, most people still believe that reducing the particle size of feed ingredients is beneficial to improving the quality of feed pellets. However, we do not recommend excessive crushing to avoid wasting energy consumption and reducing productivity, and doing so is not conducive to broiler musculoskeletal development. On the other hand, coarse crushing bypoultry chicken hammer mill grindercan reduce the decomposition of feed pellets and reduce the degree of starch gelatinization (the production of high-quality feed pellets requires a high degree of gelatinization).

（3）蒸汽调节broiler poultry feed pellet mill machine

当粉末通过调节剂时，它将暴露于高压蒸汽。这种蒸汽将提供淀粉凝胶化所需的高温和水分，使颗粒彼此粘附，进料处于半可消化状态，可以杀死饲料中的病原体。调节剂中粉末的蒸汽温度和时间对饲料颗粒的耐久性有很大影响。调节饲料在80℃时足以生产高质量的肉鸡鸡饲料颗粒。为了产生具有强耐受性的肉鸡鸡饲料颗粒，粉末在调节缸中停留的最短时间是30秒。可用于改善进料颗粒的粘度，长期使用调节剂（进料可持续3分钟至4分钟）。

(4) Ring die specifications of broiler feed pellet making machine

通过压制辊将热粉末压入环模中来制备颗粒饲料。更厚的环模（更长的环模通道）有利于提高饲料颗粒的耐久性，因为它可以增加进料粒料和环模壁之间的摩擦时间，并使淀粉凝胶化更完整。当进料通过环模时，大多数淀粉凝胶化发生。通过使用小孔径环模具可以获得类似的结果。这意味着60mm厚的环模优于50mm或40mm厚的环模，并且3 mm环模孔优于5 mm环模孔。然而，具有太厚或太小的孔径的环模对颗粒产率产生负面影响。另外，增加压力辊和环模之间的距离为0.1mm至2mm可以提高饲料粒料的耐久性。　

（5）Broiler feed pellet cooling machine

When leaving the pellet mill, the temperature of the feed pellets is 70 ℃ ~ 90 ℃, and the humidity is 15% ~ 17%. Feed pellets need moderate cooling (using a steam cooler) to reduce the pellet temperature to about 8°C higher than the ambient temperature and reduce its humidity to 12%. The type of pellet cooler can be horizontal or vertical. Rapid cooling will cause more water and heat to be lost on the surface of the broiler feed pellet than inside the pellet, making the pellet brittle. On the other hand, long-term cooling will make the feed pellets too dry, and these pellets may be easily worn and have poor palatability.

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